Edith Nourse Rogers

  “The first 30 years are the hardest.” —Edith Nourse Rogers, commenting on her service in Congress

Born this day in 1881: Edith Nourse Rogers (1881–1960), Representative in Congress (R, Mass.) from 1925 to 1960, noted veterans’ advocate and supporter of women’s roles in the military, created both the Women’s Army Corp and the GI Bill of Rights

Rogers was born Edith Nourse in Saco, Maine. She was educated in Lowell, Massachusetts and Paris, France. In 1907 she married John J. Rogers of Lowell. In 1912 Mr. Rogers was elected to Congress, and the couple moved to Washington, D.C.

Rogers volunteer for the Red Cross, serving both oversees and at home. She did extensive work with military hospitals, including conducting field inspections with her husband. President Harding, and later presidents Coolidge and Hoover, appointed her as presidential representative to visit veterans and military hospitals.

In 1924 she served as a presidential elector for Calvin Coolidge and as secretary of the electors of her district she became the first woman to officially deliver the vote.

After her husband’s death in 1925, Rogers was urged by prominent republicans to run for his seat. She won the special election held to finish his term. She was subsequently re-elected for 17 more terms, making her the longest-serving woman in Congress. She was a popular politician, and from 1942 on carried every city and town in her district—garnering between 72 and 100 percent of the votes.

Much of Rogers’s long career was devoted to veterans affairs as well as women in the military and women’s rights (including equal pay). She served on the Committee of Foreign Affairs, the Civil Service Committee, and was ranking Republican on the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs, serving twice as its chair.

Rogers introduced more than 1,200 bills into Congress. Among her most notable achievements are the creation of the Women’s Army Corps and the drafting of the GI Bill of Rights.

Rogers received many honors and citations, particularly for her work on behalf of veterans. She was inducted into the National Women’s Hall of Fame in 1998.

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Oveta Culp Hobby

Born this day in 1905: Oveta Culp Hobby (1905–1995), creator and first commander of the WACs and first secretary of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare

Hobby was born Oveta Culp in Killen, Texas. She was a voracious reader, and learned much about law and government at her father’s knee—he was a lawyer and served in the Texas state legislature. She also acquired a spirit of public service from her mother, who often enlisted Oveta’s help with her charitable activities in the community. After high school she studied at Mary Hardin Baylor College for two years and then completed a law degree from the University of Texas in 1925. Between 1925 and 1931 she served as a parliamentarian for the Texas House of Representatives. She held numerous positions, including clerk for the state banking commission. In 1931 she married William Pettis Hobby, a former governor of Texas. The couple had two children.

After her marriage she began working as an editor for the Houston Post, of which her husband was publisher, and became executive vice president by 1938. In 1937 she wrote Mr. Chairman, a book on parliamentary law. She was very civic-minded and was active on many committees. She also served as president of Texas’s League of Women Voters.

Her period of greatest accomplishments began in 1941, when she was tapped to head the Women’s Interest Section of the Bureau of Public Relations in the War Department. Culp created the Women’s Auxiliary Amy Corps (which later became the Women’s Army Corp, or WAC) and commanded it through World War II. She achieved the rank of colonel and received the Distinguished Service Medal.

Hobby returned to publishing and, additionally, broadcasting. She also became active in politics again, serving as a consultant on government efficiency and campaigning for Eisenhower. 

Swearing in as Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare.

In 1953 President Eisenhower appointed Hobby as the first secretary of the newly created Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, making her the second woman to hold a Cabinet post. 

She resigned after two years, when her husband became gravely ill. She tended to him while also returning to the Houston Post, as editor and president. She was chair of the Post from 1965 to 1983. She also served on a host of boards and committees, a few of which included the President's Commission on Employment of the Physically Handicapped, the Board of Directors of the Houston Symphony Society, the Carnegie Commission on Educational Television, and  the National Advisory Commission on Selective Service. In 1968 she was named director of the newly created Corporation for Public Broadcasting.

In addition to the Distinguished Service Medal, Hobby was awarded the George Catlett Marshall Medal from the Association of the United States Army and the Alumni Association Gold Medal for Distinguished Public Service from Rice University. She was the recipient of many honorary degrees, and the Central Texas College named their library in her honor. She was inducted into the National Women’s Hall of Fame in 1996.

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